CIRP Annals Online sorted by Year and Volume
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CIRP ANNALS 2026
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STC A |
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Decarbonisation of Manufacturing towards Net Zero
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Sebastian Thiede (2), Christoph Herrmann (1), Sami Kara (1), Michael Hauschild (1)
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STC A, 75/2/2026, P.
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Keywords: Sustainable development; Manufacturing; Decarbonisation |
Abstract : Climate change, driven largely by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from anthropogenic activity, demands urgent global decarbonisation. Industry contributes 30–35% of global GHG emissions, with manufacturing value chains playing a pivotal role. This paper explores decarbonisation measures within manufacturing, focusing on both material and energy-related measures. Emphasizing efficiency and substitution, it outlines actionable strategies at process and system levels towards net zero carbon emissions. Supported by literature analysis and case studies, a structured framework is presented enabling to assess and prioritize decarbonisation efforts, aligned with planetary boundaries. Based on this, future research demands are derived and discussed.
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STC C |
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Part distortion in machining: prediction, measurement, and control
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Jose Outeiro (1), Pedro Jose Arrazola (1), Ismail Lazoglu (1), Jens Sölter (3), Aitor Madariaga
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STC C, 75/2/2026, P.
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Keywords: Machining; Residual stresses; Part distortion |
Abstract : This paper presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art on part distortion in machining operations, from research perspective to industrial applications. It begins with an analysis of the mechanisms responsible for part distortion in machining. The review then covers the modelling and experimental assessment of part distortion, exploring the scientific aspects for accurate prediction and measurement. It also examines existing strategies for minimizing and mitigating part distortion, as well as the industrial applications. A key contribution of this paper is the discussion and recommendations for future research to mitigate part distortion within the context of smart manufacturing, and workforce development.
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STC Cross-STC |
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Innovations in advanced processes and systems for semiconductor manufacturing
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Albert Shih (1), Wei Gao (1), Greg Vogl (2), Dragan Djurdjanovic (2), Takafumi Fukushima, Ajay Malshe (1)
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STC Cross-STC, 75/2/2026, P.
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Keywords: Semiconductor manufacturing; Integrated circuits; In-line metrology; Process control; Data Analytics; Advanced packaging |
Abstract : The manufacturing of integrated circuits (ICs) is an enabler of technological innovation and is critical to the resilience of industry and national security. Four levels of excellence are necessary as the foundation for semiconductor manufacturing: ecosystem; fab profitability; IC design for manufacturing and research & development; culture and customer trust. In this paper, the culture, semiconductor manufacturing processes, innovations of equipment, removal processes, in-line metrology for process control, and data analytics are discussed. Future topics, including advanced packaging, sustainability, fab operation optimization, and in-space semiconductor manufacturing, as well as workforce policy and ethics, are elaborated.
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STC E |
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Laser-based manufacturing for the electric powertrain
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Alessandro Fortunato (3), Leonardo Orazi (2), Alessandro Ascari (3), Pasquale Franciosa, Ali Gokhan Demir, Darek Ceglarek (1), Lin Li (1)
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STC E, 75/2/2026, P.
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Keywords: Laser beam machining (LBM); Electric vehicle; Energy systems manufacturing |
Abstract : Laser-based manufacturing (LBM) is a key enabling technology for electric powertrain production, playing a fundamental role in both current and future manufacturing of batteries, fuel cells and electric drives. This keynote provides a review of applications of LBM across the manufacturing chain, linking process physics with system-level requirements and identifying performance, scalability limits and technology readiness across applications. Emphasis is placed on laser–material interaction, advanced optics, monitoring, data-driven control and simulation methodologies, including physics-driven and data-driven, as enablers of robust, high-volume production. The keynote also highlights the strategic role of LBM in enabling next-generation technologies, including solid-state batteries (SSBs).
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STC F |
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Shear-dominated processes in sheet metal forming
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Wolfram Volk (1), Mathias Liewald (2), David Abedul, Junhe Lian, Christoph Hartmann
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STC F, 75/2/2026, P.
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Keywords: Process; Metal forming; Shear |
Abstract : Many critical manufacturing processes in sheet metal forming are characterized by shear-dominated mechanisms. By clearly defining how shear-dominated processes can be classified based on stress triaxiality and the Lode parameter, this paper provides an overview of their characteristics and challenges in sheet metal forming. Based on the distinction into in-plane and out-of-plane shear-dominated processes and an introduction to the mechanical fundamentals of shearing mechanics, the topics of testing and measurement methods, simulation, and tooling are discussed. Finally, concepts and principles are illustrated with specific application examples. The paper concludes with open topics and upcoming challenges.
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STC G |
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Abrasive finishing of additively manufactured components
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Jan Christian Aurich (1), Peter Krajnik (1), Hitomi Yamaguchi (1), Eraldo Da Silva (2), Jacques Platz
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STC G, 75/2/2026, P.
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Keywords: Additive manufacturing; Finishing; Post processing; Surface integrity; Abrasion |
Abstract : Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the production of complex, near-net-shape components, but as-built components exhibit high roughness and defects that compromise performance. Abrasive finishing processes are essential to achieve the required surface integrity, dimensional accuracy, and functional properties of components. This review examines state-of-the-art abrasive post-processing for AM, including grinding, abrasive fine-finishing, and mass finishing approaches. Interactions within AM process chains, effects on surface topography and mechanical properties, and industrial case studies are discussed. Current challenges and future research needs are identified to guide the integration of abrasive finishing into efficient AM process chains.
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STC M |
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Digital Twins for Machine Tools
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Alexander Wilhelm Verl (2), Steffen Ihlenfeldt (2), Chinedum Okwudire (2), Erdem Ozturk (2), Anna Valente (1), Michael F. Zaeh (1)
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STC M, 75/2/2026, P.
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Keywords: Digital twin; Machine tool; Design; Commissioning |
Abstract : The number of publications on digital twins went from 3.000 in 2017 to over 70.000 in 2024. This paper analyses the use and status of digital twins for machine tools as well as the necessary modelling and identification for enabling optimization, process planning, process control and predictive maintenance on the machine tool level and the fleet level. Recent research on digital twins for machine tools leveraging AI or greybox models is also presented. This paper gives an overview of the application and the technology behind digital twins used for machine tool design, commissioning, and operations.
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STC O |
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Digitally enhanced maintenance: path towards continuous value creation and sustainability
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John Ahmet Erkoyuncu (2), Fazel Ansari (2), Benoit Iung (1), Shozo Takata (1)
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STC O, 75/2/2026, P.
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Keywords: Maintenance; Failure; Digitalisation |
Abstract : Industrial maintenance plays a critical role in enabling complex assets such as production equipment and more widely factories to be available for use in a sustainable manner. With the emergence of digital technologies such as digital twins, IoT, virtual and augmented reality, and machine learning, significant opportunities are observed to transform the way in which maintenance is delivered. It is anticipated that maintenance will become more affordable, proactive, predictive, outcome driven and sustainable in the future. This paper presents the state of the art and industrial perspectives on digitally enhanced maintenance covering current approaches and challenges. Furthermore, a comprehensive framework is presented to structure future research directions by considering the concept of a maintenance ecosystem. Finally, a strategic vision is set out to convey the future of maintenance.
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STC P |
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Machine Learning for Metrology in Manufacturing
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Robert Schmitt (1), Wim Dewulf (1), Hans Hansen (1), Yang Zhang (2), Benjamin Montavon, Florian Stamer
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STC P, 75/2/2026, P.
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Keywords: Measurement; Machine learning; Manufacturing; Uncertainty |
Abstract : Machine learning is transforming manufacturing metrology by enabling data-driven modeling, automation, and real-time decision-making across the measurement process. This keynote reviews recent advances and future directions for integrating machine learning (ML) throughout the measurement workflow—from system setup to decision-making—by structuring the analysis of the state of the art using a data flow framework. Key applications include ML-assisted setup and calibration, enhanced measurement, virtual measurements, and classification-based inspection. The remaining key challenge is the integration of metrological traceability, standardized uncertainty quantification, explainability, and reproducibility. Bridging the underlying conceptual gap in understanding and evaluating uncertainty is essential to establish scientifically rigorous and industrially reliable ML-driven metrology for future manufacturing systems.
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STC S |
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Manufacturing of structured surfaces for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine
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Giovanni Lucchetta (2), Fengzhou Fang (1), Weiguang Wang (2), Enrico Savio (1)
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STC S, 75/2/2026, P.
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Keywords: Surface; Biomedical; Tissue Engineering |
Abstract : Structured surfaces at the micro- and nanoscale enable precise control of cell–material interactions in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). This keynote analyses scalable manufacturing methods for 2D substrates, 3D scaffolds, and implants, analyzing relationships between topography, biological performance, and process efficiency. Key technologies include nanoimprint lithography, micro injection molding, high-resolution additive manufacturing, and ultrafast laser texturing. Strategies for combining biological efficacy with cost-effective production are presented, along with multifunctional designs for osseointegration and antibacterial activity. Future perspectives address biomimetic and patient-specific structures, process–function modeling, and smart materials to support advanced TERM applications and clinical translation.
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